Maths

Crossness Nature Reserve

Belvedere · 11 miles

Covering 25.5 hectares on the historic Thames floodplain, Crossness Nature Reserve lies in the Crossness area of the London Borough of Bexley, close to Belvedere. The site forms part of the Erith Marshes Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation and represents one of the few remaining grazing marshes in London. Its landscape includes the borough’s largest reedbeds, a network of ponds and ditches, scrub and rough grassland. Recorded wildlife comprises around 130 bird species, a notable water-vole population, several rare invertebrates such as five water-beetle species and the nationally scarce Shrill Carder bee, together with plants like Borrer’s saltmarsh grass and frog rush, which was once thought extinct in Kent. The reserve was created in 1994 under a Section 106 planning agreement and is owned and managed by Thames Water, with day-to-day stewardship provided by the RSPB. A Friends of Crossness Nature Reserve group assists with the care of protected zones that are not publicly accessible. The western perimeter abuts the Crossness Sewage Treatment Works and the northern edge borders a Cory-operated waste-management facility. Between 2005 and 2011 the Belvedere Green Links project invested one million pounds in restoring the southern marsh and related infrastructure, funded by the Homes & Communities Agency, the European Regional Development Fund and the Greater London Authority, with Bexley Council as a key stakeholder. In the early 2020s a proposal by Cory for a carbon-capture installation covering roughly 11 % of the reserve was approved in November 2025 despite local opposition.

Ingrebourne Marshes SSSI

South Hornchurch · 11 miles

The largest stretch of freshwater marsh within Greater London extends along both banks of the River Ingrebourne in Hornchurch, forming a 74.8-hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. Managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust, the site contains extensive reed sweet-grass, common reed swamp, wet neutral grassland and tall fen, supporting a notable range of invertebrates and breeding birds. Sixteen nationally scarce species of flies, beetles, dragonflies and crickets have been recorded, together with two Red Data Book species – the hoverfly *Anasimyia interpuncta* and the scarce emerald damselfly *Lestes dryas*. Sixty-one bird species breed regularly, including common redshank, northern lapwing and reed-warbler, while common cuckoos are known to parasitise reed-warbler and sedge-warbler nests. Havering Council has intervened by raising water levels and re-introducing grazing to maintain the wetland’s condition. Public entry is limited to the eastern strip that runs from the river to Berwick Pond Road, where the reservoir at Berwick Pond is open for fishing and can be viewed from Hornchurch Country Park. The remainder of the marshes is largely closed to visitors, although sections are observable from the park’s perimeter. Access points are provided from Hornchurch Country Park and from Berwick Pond Road; no admission charge is mentioned, and facilities are confined to the existing park infrastructure.

Crossness Pumping Station

Belvedere · 11 miles

A rare example of Victorian engineering, the former Crossness Pumping Station stands at the eastern terminus of the Southern Outfall Sewer within the Crossness Sewage Treatment Works, alongside the Ridgeway path in the London Borough of Bexley, close to Belvedere. Designed by architect Charles Henry Driver for the Metropolitan Board of Works under chief engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette, the complex was built between 1859 and 1865 by William Webster. Its ornamental cast-ironwork attracted the description of Nikolaus Pevsner as a “masterpiece of engineering – a Victorian cathedral of ironwork”. The station was decommissioned in 1956, later listed at Grade I and placed on the Heritage at Risk Register. Visitors can view the four massive steam-driven beam engines—Victoria, Prince Consort, Albert Edward and Alexandra—originally supplied by James Watt & Co. The engines, each equipped with 52-ton flywheels and 47-ton beams, are among the largest surviving rotative beam engines worldwide. The Crossness Engines Trust, which operates the site as a museum, runs the restored Prince Consort engine on open days, allowing a glimpse of the 11-revolution-per-minute operation that once lifted 6 tons of sewage per stroke. Adjacent Erith Marshes and the northern Crossness Nature Reserve provide a habitat for moths, small amphibians and water voles, adding an ecological dimension to the industrial heritage. Admission is subject to a charge and opening times are published by the Crossness Engines Trust. The museum is managed by the Crossness Engines Trust, a registered charity responsible for the ongoing restoration and public presentation of the historic complex.

Winns Common

Plumstead · 11 miles

Set within the suburb of Plumstead in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, Winn's Common provides a public open space that has been shaped by centuries of human activity. Archaeological evidence points to settlement by ancient Britons, and the area once contained several Bronze Age burial mounds together with Roman artefacts; a surviving tumulus, known as the Winn's Common Tumulus, remains visible today. During the Second World War the common hosted a line of barrage balloons intended to protect the nearby Royal Arsenal at Woolwich from aerial attack. Across Kings Highway a memorial to George Webb, former headmaster of Burrage Grove Boys School in 1896, marks the site of a former drinking fountain whose fittings have since been removed. After the war, prefabricated houses were erected on the common to accommodate displaced residents; these structures were cleared in the late 1950s and the land was replanted as open ground with football pitches. An old hut at the north end, adjacent to Kings Highway, continues to serve as a changing-room facility, equipped with a tin trough and cold taps. Access to Winn's Common is unrestricted, and visitors can make use of the pitches and the modest changing amenities.

RAF Hornchurch Heritage Centre

Havering · 11 miles

The former RAF Hornchurch sector station, now presented through the RAF Hornchurch Heritage Centre, lies in the parish of Hornchurch within the London Borough of Havering, southeast of Romford. Designated as a history museum, the centre offers insight into the airfield’s evolution from its origins as Sutton’s Farm during the First World War to its closure in 1962. Visitors can trace the development of the site from the 1915 establishment of the London Air Defence Area, when the landing ground first hosted BE2c aircraft, through its re-opening in 1928 as a key fighter station defending London and the Thames corridor. Exhibits illustrate the succession of squadrons that operated from the field, including 39 (Home Defence) Squadron, 78 Squadron and later units that took part in the Battle of Britain and the Dieppe Raid. The centre highlights the actions of pilots such as Lt William Leefe Robinson, VC, and Lt Wulstan Tempest, DSO, whose interceptions of enemy airships are commemorated in local street names. Displays also cover the airfield’s role in cross-channel operations, the deployment of barrage balloons in 1944, and its final use as a marshalling base. The heritage centre is listed on OpenStreetMap as a museum of historical type, with Havering identified as the nearest town for visitors planning their journey.

Woodlands Farm

Shooter's Hill · 11 miles

The 89-acre Woodlands urban farm lies on the east side of Shooter’s Hill in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, southeast London, just north of the A207. It sits roughly two kilometres south of Plumstead and one and a half kilometres west of Welling, forming part of a protected green corridor that links Eltham, Plumstead and Welling. A small watercourse, the Wogebourne, runs northward across the fields and is fed by several tributaries, adding a natural feature to the landscape. The site borders the Greenwich Equestrian Skills Centre, a legacy of the London Olympic Games, and is managed by the Woodlands Farm Trust, a registered charity. Originally laid out in the early nineteenth century as a 122-acre farm under the Baldock family, the land was bought in 1919 by the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society and later operated as a model pig farm. During the Second World War it served briefly as a prisoner-of-war camp. Threatened in the 1980s by a proposed East London River Crossing, the farm was saved after a European-wide campaign and, in 1997, the Co-operative Group granted the Trust a 999-year lease at a peppercorn rent. Today the farm concentrates on conservation, sustainable agriculture and educational activities, hosting regular farm shows and an education centre that welcomes school groups and other visitors. Entry is free and opening times are published on the farm’s listing.